Research Methods in Psychology An investigation of selfconscious Essay

Research Methods in Psychology An investigation of selfconscious emotions using qualitative methods - Essay Example For psychological researchers and analysts, more information is needed on the social situations that lead to these emotions, as well as the specific social interactions that can alleviate or heighten the negative emotional experience. The aim of this research project is to gather data from males and females relating to their own experiences with guilt, shame and embarrassment and to interpret the factors involved as well as the differences between men and women. To discover the different social situations and interactions that separate men and women in their experiences of guilt, shame and embarrassment, ten questionnaires containing three questions on the topic were distributed to five men and five women. Each question asked the informant to identify different situations in which he or she has or would experience guilt, shame and embarrassment. The questions left room for large or small descriptions by informants, and the unstructured form of each question ensured that those filling out the questionnaires weren't led in any particular direction in terms of their answers. Answers were therefore expected to be unique to every man and women who filled out the questionnaire. To interpret this data, keywords were extracted from the questionnaires, which had been separated into two sets representing women and men. The two sets of keywords were compiled for each question and compared to one another in terms of repetition and connotation. The keywords could then be sorted into specific categories depending on their relation to social interaction, personal emotional history, family, friends, and other factors. This comparison made it possible to identify themes on the subject of guilt, shame and embarrassment that were unique to men and women, as well as those that were seemingly universal. Results Qualitative research offers an unstructured look into the social interactions of people, something that psychologists can benefit from only if they can pinpoint certain factors and understand clearly what is actually going on. These questionnaires showed a clear trend between the outlook of men and women in regards to the situations that make them feel guilty, ashamed or embarrassed. Where women tend to feel immediate emotional responses in situations that involve their friends and family, they also are more susceptible to emotional response to strangers and acquaintances who appear to sit in judgement of them. Men also exhibit emotional responses when the situation involves family or friends, but many men can experience feelings of embarrassment more often in social situations that involve work acquaintances or other casual peers. One man described an occasion where he would feel embarrassed as "when I screw up on the job and everyone at work knows about it". Men were generally on par with women when it came to feelings of guilt and shame, in that these feelings tended to happen most often when family and close friends were involved. One woman said "I have felt the most ashamed when I have let my family down, either by hurting their feelings or depriving them of something I could have provided". Both men and women experienced guilt, shame and

Individual project 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Individual project 3 - Essay Example ether a range of subjects that are pertinent to current global healthcare and fitness challenges especially when considered together with the need to reverse the rising incidences of lifestyle diseases. Individuals and societies around the globe should acknowledge the impact of diet on health and nutrition. It is common knowledge that a consistent pursuit of the right forms of diet can help bring down the incident of some of the lifestyle diseases among individuals, families, groups, and societies. Indeed, the rise in heart diseases, diabetes, some forms of cancer, obesity, and other life conditions correlated with the increase in poor diet practices across the globe (Shils, 2005). As such, it becomes necessary to consider the impact of nutrition within the understanding of the current trends and dietary practices and the consequences on human health. Most nutritionists will easily agree that the best way to maintain a healthy diet and cut down on the levels of cholesterol in the body is to reduce the daily intake of foods rich in cholesterol. The danger is that most people tend to ignore the value of restricting their diet to foods that are significantly lower in the levels of cholesterol. Many others lack access to the kind of knowledge that would help them avoid adverse health practices that are associated with high levels of cholesterol. However, basic categorizing of food into those that have high and cholesterol levels is one of the ways by which people can avoid the adverse impacts of cholesterol. Food substances such as meat pie, butter, cream, hard cheese, and biscuits contain high levels of saturated fat. Such foods have multiple adverse effects on health and fitness. Other foods such as salmon, mackerel, almond, sunflower, and corn have unsaturated cholesterol. A consistent pattern of feeding on this group of food can reduce the levels of cholesterol within days or weeks. Despite lack of thorough research on the impact of culture on general fitness,

Balanced Scorecard Essay Example for Free

Balanced Scorecard Essay The balance scorecard is used as a strategic planning and a management technique. It is widely used in many organizations, regardless of their scale, to align the organizations performance to its vision and objectives. The scorecard is also used as a tool which improves the communication and feedback process between the employees and management, and to monitor performance of the organizational objectives. There are four different perspectives of balance scorecard which are financial performance, customer knowledge, internal business processes, and learning and growth. Each perspective represents a different aspect of the business organization in order to operate at optimal capacity. Financial perspective is about how does the firm look to shareholders. This is concerned with the shareholders view of performance. Shareholders are concerned with many aspects of financial performance. Amongst the measures of success are market share, revenue growth, profit ratio, return on investment, economic value added, return on capital employed and profitability. Customer perspective is about how do customers see the firm. This perspective focuses on the analysis of different types of customers, their degree of satisfaction and the processes used to deliver products and services to customers. Particular areas of focus would include customer service, customer retention and customer satisfaction. Internal perspective is about how well it manages its operational processes. This seeks to identify how well the business is performing, whether the products and services offered meet customer expectations, and the critical processes for satisfying both customers and shareholders. Learning and growth perspective is about can the firm continue to improve and create value? This perspective also examines how an organisation learns and grows. This perspective is concerned with issues such as can we continue to improve and create value? In which areas must the organisation improve? How can the company continue to improve and create value in the future? What should it be doing to make this happen? The concerns of balanced scorecard are long term with short term concerns, financial with non-financial concerns, and internal with external concerns.

The concept of hope has a significant role in nursing practice

The concept of hope has a significant role in nursing practice Introduction Hope is an integral as well as protective factor of every human life. The concept of hope has a significant role in nursing practice and patient care. This assignment discusses regarding the concept of hope, its meaning and characteristics with the support of various literatures. In addition, relevance of hope related to the nursing practice and the barrier to use this concept in current practice will also be explored in this piece of work. Hope is one of the necessary quality of life and lies into what to be expected out -of life as well as what the meaning of life for us is. Therefore this task explored the measures to instill hope in patients to improve their quality of life. Definition:- Hope is an essential aspect in health care practice because it is linked to individuals experience and recovery. The definition of hope is differed according to each authors view as they have given different concept about hope. According to Sullivan (2008) hope as a complex multidimensional and dynamic, a potentially powerful factor in healing, adaptive coping, and achieving quality of life during times of illness and loss. Hope inspires the person to put his endless efforts to attain particular goal in life. Stephenson (1991) concluded that hope is a basic human response that is essential for life. Moreover, it is a major component of human being which helps to improve the quality of life. Hope plays a crucial role in reducing impact of disease in patients and relatives. Hope is one of the necessary traits of a successful life (Cassel, 2008). Thus, hope is internal forceful feeling of a person to achieve target in future. According to Hinds (1984) Hope is the degree to which an indi vidual believes that a personal tomorrow exists and also it encourages the person towards the achievement of requirements. Adopting hopeful attitude is an essential part of the nurse role. Nurse should be trained in how to inspire hope in hopeless clients. It is considered very effective during the prognosis and treatment. According to Cornelius (2008) hope is multi dimensional part of religion energies provides comfort to individuals experiencing personal challenges. It mean hope is element of faith provide all comfort in the individuals life and challenge the personal experience. Hope is necessary for human life. Human beings have a possible future through expectations and participations. According to Clarke (2003) hope is essential and important feature for every person in their life. According to Li (2000) it is an important process to re-establishment or conservation of ones fine living being. Moreover, hope has a power to lit a light of expectation in the patients and it can i nfluence patient who are seriously or terminally ill as they think there is no hope and give awareness about how they live their lives. Nurses should give more importance to hope instead of hopelessness even in the patients. According to peoples conviction, everyone can lead a worth full life if they have hope even for the healthy as well as the ill persons. According to Moore (2005) hope is an intentional movement toward an object which can provide the maximum out come. . Hope was largely considered to be a positive concept that can make a difference to people lives and it also described as an experience, emotion or need. In addition, hope is an energy sourced from a sense of interconnectedness with the self, others and powers beyond the self (Clarke, 2003). There are many factors such as chronic serious illness or disability, a period of personal difficulty which helps to maintains powerful hope in their life. Thus, hope will help to meet any difficulties which come across and als o helps to enhance the inner strength. Besides, hope is an emotional feeling and belief. Hope is characterized by an intentional movement a preexistent object, a movement that presupposed the hoping subject has perceived the hoped for object either through the sense, through an estimative faculty or through the intelligence. Hope and faith helps to attain the recognized goal and empower survivors to dynamically engage in rehabilitation. Further, hope can be considered as keystone of faster recovery of disease, even though, many authors mainly focusing the role of hope in rehabilitation stage of the patient. Relevance Of The Concept To Practice:- The concept of hope plays a vital role in the nursing practice, as it improves the spiritual well being and the quality of life, which are the meaningful dimensions of the patients life. Hope can be viewed as a holistic experience, which consists of three primary dimensions like personal, situational, and interpersonal. Hope is one of the obligatory factors in the survival of the patient conditions. According to Jevene and Maguire (1999) hope is a relevant idea for the nursing care and can be viewed on the basis of three extents, meaning, risk and caring. The research literature has recognized hope as an influence on effective coping during times of loss, suffering and uncertainty. Hopelessness is commonly associated with increase incidence of physical illness, depression and suicidal ideation (Carson et al, 1990; Hockey, 1993). Meanwhile, hope enhances well being and reduces the disease period. According to Henner (2006) medical intervention and maintaining hope is ethically appropr iate when there is a reasonable chance that medical procedures will be effective and their out come will be meaningful in terms of patients life. Thus a timely and appropriate explanation of the medical procedures can encourage patient to develop hope that can assist him for wellbeing. Hope is both remedial and curable factor in patient care and treatment and it has also restorative effect on the patient health outcomes (Watson, 1979). Therefore, the concept of the hope has positive effect on the treatment process and the nurse can inspire hope in the patient by maintaining good rapport and giving relevant information about the disease condition. In addition, hope is considered as an essential psychological factor in the recovery; however, many individuals with severe mental illness frequently report feeling of hopelessness. In addition, According to the American Nurse Association (ANA, 2003) Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and the treatment of human response, and encourage hope in the care of individuals, families, communities and population. Nurses play a vital role in patient care by enhancing hope as well as optimistic attitude throughout their life. . Moreover, nurse can provide optimal care to seriously ill patients especially in their area of duty. The relationship between patients and nurses were significantly related to instillation of hope. Various studies related hope explained that, both healthy and sick people necessitate hope since it helps everybody to look forward happily towards the future. Hope is illustrating as a basic human need and has a possibility of good out come for ourselves or someone to close us such as hoping for life over death. The light of prospect aids to remove hopelessness and show the importance of life. Hope is identified as an important part of recovery and nurses have a pivotal role in facilita ting hope to patients and their families. Numerous barriers can be identified while instilling hope to the patients. The nurse has to overcome these barriers before inspiring hope to provide maximal care to the patient. The two most frequently cited hindrances were that the institution did not allow the nurses to change client care procedures and did not offer adequate time to provide appropriate care, ways or measures to put into practice. According to Funk et al.(1991) other barriers which prevents the use of concept in practice setting includes lack of time, motivation, confidence and negative attitude. These barriers need to be overcome through adequate communication, trustful relationship with patient and the family and adequate psychological support. The effective strategies to overcome these barriers will require a combined effort from the nurses by education, research, administration, and the clinical practice. Conclusion:- Hope is a multidimensional concept which strength our ideas and values. Hope is also an expectation of future that is good and is based upon a sense of personal ability, psychological well being and the meaning in life as well as a good judgment of the possible. This task assisted to get an awareness regarding the concept of hope as well as its characteristics. In addition, this assignment aided to know the relevance hope in nursing practices, various barriers occurs while instilling hope and the measures to overcome these barriers. To conclude, hope is an essential factor which assists all individual to improve their quality of life by enhancing confidence and positive attitude towards the future. Word count -1441

Ressentiment and Rationality :: Philosophy Philosophical papers

Ressentiment and Rationality ABSTRACT: This paper is an investigation of the condition of ressentiment. It reviews the two most prominent philosophic accounts of ressentiment: Nietzsche's genealogy of ressentiment as the moral perversion resulting from the ancient Roman/Palestinian cultural conflict and giving birth to the ascetic ideal; and Scheler's phenomenology of ressentiment as a complex affective unit generative of its own affects and values. A single sketch of the typical elements of ressentiment is drawn from the review of these two accounts. One element in particular, the exigency of rationality, is highlighted. The rationality of ressentiment is found to be essential to the phenomenon as a whole and to its constitutive parts. Curiously, while their accounts imply and suggest the role of rationality, neither Nietzsche or Scheler make the centrality of rationality to ressentiment implicit. Ressentiment is a state of repressed feeling and desire which becomes generative of values. The condition of ressentiment is complex both in its internal structure and in its relations to various dimensions of human existence. While it infects the heart of the individual, it is rooted in our relatedness with others. On the one hand, ressentiment is a dark, personal secret, which most of us would never reveal to others even if we could acknowledge it ourselves. On the other hand, ressentiment has an undeniably public face. It can be creative of social practices, mores, and fashions; of scholarly attitudes, academic policies, educational initiatives; of political ideologies, institutions, and revolutions; of forms of religiosity and ascetic practices. The concept of ressentiment was first developed systematically by Nietzsche in his account of the historical emergence of what he terms 'slave morality' and in his critique of the ascetic ideal. While references to this condition can be found throughout his works, the chief sections in which he develops this notion are in his early work The Genealogy of Morals. Max Scheler provides an eidetic account of this complex affective phenomenon in his book entitled Ressentiment. The picture of ressentiment that emerges from these two thinkers is in part a function of their methodological approaches and their abiding philosophic interests. Nietzsche's historical approach to the development and the corruption of morality is empiricist and deterministic, but it does not have the marks of the narrow positivism that emerged later. His historical method is informed by his philological training in ancient Hellenic texts and by Enlightenment ideals. So, although Nietzsche writes of cultural conflict s in the ancient world as historical fact, he actually uses them as models with universal anthropological significance.

Hamlet is Too Smart for Himself :: English Literature Essays

Why Hamlet is Too Smart for Himself Hamlet only kills Claudius when he has also murdered the queen, Laertes, and has also poisoned himself. It takes a threat of death to do what his own dead father orders him to do. A largely held opinion is that he is to emotional to do it, but it is when his emotions all come together that he murders Polonius. Another opinion is that he to full of morals to kill, but how then can he alter a note and literally sentence two old friends who were just following orders too death. It is also believed that he is too cowardly to go through with it, but if a man is bold enough to face a ghost, confront a queen and kill an eavesdropper, than what should stop him from avenging his father and ridding Denmark of the disease that infests it's royal line. The answer is simple, he is to smart to get around to doing it. Hamlet's is a mind to be reckoned with. He thinks things out rather than just act on impulse. No matter what the situation, there is always something that stands in his way that a more impulsive, emotional man might overlook or just ignore. By thinking things over he gives Claudius time to figure out what he knows. If he had acted faster things may have turned out differently for our intellectual prince. The Brain can be a slow, bungling thing that is constantly tripping over it's own feet whereas a body controlled by emotion knows no limits. A complex mind will often add more and more factors and problems into the situation than is necessary. For example, why feign madness? What purpose does this really serve? All it did was isolate him from those that he loved. Rather than directly confront the king, Hamlet embarks upon a wild, complex scheme to discredit and trap Claudius. Wouldn't it have helped things out a lot more to forgo the charade and just be good old Hamlet. That way nobody would have suspected anything and Hamlet would have had lots more emotional support from those that meant the most to him. Don't get me wrong though. Some of Hamlet's plans almost worked out. The play for example. Claudius was so filled with rage that he was reduced to a stuttering imbecile and was ready to slaughter the actors right out in front of everybody.

Foundations of Management and Organisation

Is rationalization a desirable strategy for managing and organizing Junction Hotel in the current economic climate? Discuss your answer with reference to the topic of organisational change. Rationalization is an organisational concept that aims to increase a firm’s productivity, as it grows in size, through a reorganisation of its current system of operations. Throughout this essay I will be referring to the Junction Hotel case study along with other articles and critiques of the rationalization theory to determine how suitable rationalisation is as a solution for the problems facing Junction Hotel within the current economic climate.Throughout the 19th century Frederick Taylor, a mechanical engineer, was one of the pioneers of the organisational management approach to business. He was renowned for his theory of scientific management, which focused primarily on increasing the physical efficiency of the individual worker. â€Å"The principal object of management should be to s ecure the maximum prosperity for the employer, coupled with the maximum prosperity for each employee† (Fredrick Taylor, 1911, pg. 09).One of Taylor’s most famous studies involved designing shovels that could load the most efficient amount of material (21 1/2lbs) consecutively to save workers time and, in turn, increase productivity. Having a clear and structured command over workers allowed Taylor to experiment with efficiency, which was something he saw as paramount to having a successful workforce of employees. Relating this specifically to the Junction Hotel case study, it is apparent that there are some clear organisational problems that could be resolved using a more rational work design, such as the methods introduced by Taylor.Primarily there is a lack of any concise structure between the task expectations of the employees. The job roles of the General Manager, Deputy Manager, Head Chef and Company Accountant all contradict one another making it further unclear t o the rest of the workforce who they should report to as their boss. A rational organisational solution to this problem would be to introduce a more modern, bureaucratic style of management. â€Å"Though earlier societies had organisational structures, they were not nearly as effective as the bureaucracy† (George Ritzer, 1996, pg.  09).This can be implemented through the use of computer analysis of such things as employee timetables, busy periods, and popular items among customers. Specifically, organisational charts, which provide a clear formation of different job roles that are allocated in a hierarchy of either horizontal or vertical structure, would work effectively in restoring order and control. A hierarchy is most effective in assigning control to different regions of management in order to maintain a more specific level of control over a growing workforce.For Junction Hotel, this would be most appropriate for the separation of the different working areas, which, at the moment, are all under the control of the Deputy Manager. Instead, each area should be operated by group of employees that specialise in that service. From here, each section of workers can then have their own specific manager to report to for daily duties. This way the general manger can take more of an active role within the organisation relieving some of the pressure off of the Deputy Manager and allowing the Head Chef control over his own workforce.This would provide specific segmentation to each individual work force, allowing for a more direct focus from each manager. This would be the most appropriate way of applying a rational, bureaucratic work design to Junction hotel without having to sacrifice any quality of service. However, if Junction Hotel want to remain a competitive company within the hotel industry, some of the personal relationships between the cleaning and reception staff and the general manager may have to be limited in order to increase efficiency during t he working day.Taylor made it clear that he never saw the benefit of a social relationship between workers and managers. Eventually, he became so focused on increasing productivity that he began to see his employees as just another ‘cog in the machine’ of the production process. As time went on, employees would try and use this to their advantage by demonstrating their ‘asymmetric knowledge’. After years of practising their trade the workers would be able to determine the amount of time it would take to complete a specific task before they began it.With Taylor’s approach to his employees being so cold-hearted, it was often the case that the employees would exaggerate the time they needed to complete a task so as to insure they weren’t being over worked. This is an example of some of the social problems that Taylor had to face due to having such a strong rational approach to work. As a result, Taylor quickly began gaining criticism. Max Weber, a German sociologist, was one of Taylor’s biggest critics. Weber summarised Taylor’s scientific management theory as an ‘iron cage’ environment leaving workers trapped in working conditions that left them feeling dehumanized.As a counter belief, Weber explained that promotion by merit with career opportunities for employees was a superior option to the traditional hierarchy of power. However, Weber was aware this would not always be attainable in a realistic world. â€Å"Weber knew the bureaucracy he was designing was an ideal type and that it could not always be perfect† (French & Rayner, 2011, pg315-316). Weber developed the belief that there is no one perfect method of managing an organisation. Organisational change occurs when a business has a need to alter it’s current system of operations.Social, political, technological and economical factors are the four main external aspects that can influence change within an organisation. â€Å"No t only are there different types of change, which manifest themselves in different organisations, change also appears at different levels of an organisation† (Barbara Senior, 2001, pg. 57). Specifically, organisational change relates to the larger changes within a company, rather than just small adjustments to products or branding.â€Å"Organisational change refers to organisation-wide change rather than to small changes such as adding a new role or making minor modifications to a process. † (French & Rayner, 2011, pg. 574). For example, advancements in the technology used by a company would dramatically speed up the production process forcing them to alter the size of both their workforce and production outlets. Henry Ford, of Ford Motor Industries, was one of the most famous examples of an organisation implementing a change within their production process  through the Taylorism ideology.â€Å"Taylor and scientific management allied to Fordism† (Senior & Flemi ng, 2006, pg. 8). Instead of having a specific number of workers collectively working on one motor vehicle, Ford instead realised that he could save time and increase productivity by assigning each individual worker to a particular station on his assembly line. Therefore, Ford could just move the car around the assembly line where it would stop at each station to have a new part added to it.This enabled Ford to expand and increase his workforce whilst still increasing the amount of automobiles he was producing. â€Å"Only by doubling wages to his famous ‘5-dollar-a-day’ was he able to stabilize the work situation and persuade workers to accept the new technology† (Morgan G, 2006, pg. 25). This organisational change would be an example of a naive approach to change, which sees organizational change as a simple solid set of building blocks that are controlled from the top down, with a limited view of only the techno-structural side of the organisation.With one of t he main purposes of a business being to constantly strive to improve output and lower costs in order to increase revenue, the Taylorism and Fordism approaches became popular around the world and production efficiency was now of the utmost importance. However, this high level of efficiency came at a price for the employees. Many of Taylor’s and Ford’s workers found it difficult to maintain any humanistic grasp on their machinelike work due to its repetitive and boring nature.This led to a decrease in efficiency as workers became fatigued and after a while could no longer keep up with the rate of production. Charlie Chaplin outlines this perfectly in his video Modern Times (TheCharlesChaplin, 1936, Modern Times) whereby the worker is dragged along the conveyor belt assembly line because he is incapable of keeping up with the pace. In the Junction Hotel case study a similar situation is outlined with the front of house staff not being able to keep up with the orders given by the kitchen staff, leading to conflict between employees.Ultimately, this will lead to problems in the satisfaction levels of the customers, which can cause huge reputation problems for Junction Hotel, a company who pride themselves on having a high level of traditional customer service. One of the most effective ways of tackling employee confrontation is through the use of team building exercises. Team building exercises are effective as they encourage employees to collaborate with one another to achieve particular goals without having the stress element of actual work.Being new to the team building approach, the waiting and kitchen staff at Junction Hotel would benefit most from a more relaxed outdoor operation, such as raft building. â€Å"For a group that has never done team building before, outdoor experiences can be an exciting way to begin† (French & Rayner, 2011, pg. 410). As a result, when both sets of employees go back to work there will be a greater understandi ng between each member of staff creating a new atmosphere as a group identity. This social aspect of employees during working hours is a factor that was often overlooked by traditional methods of management, such as Taylorism.As a result, this 21st century social method of management is now considered a more popular modern alternative than the traditional Taylorism perspective. In the 1920s, Elton Mayo, an Australian psychologist, stumbled upon the importance of group dynamics whilst conducting a study investigating the levels of productivity in employees. His experiments, on 29,000 workers at the Hawthorne factory, examined the effect light had on productivity. His objectives were to discover the optimum level of lighting needed to gain maximum efficiency from workers.However, Mayo found that the level of lighting had no direct effect on production levels but instead the human cooperative systems that the workers were a part of had a huge effect on increasing worker efficiency. Wor kers being able to establish themselves within an occupational community introduced the concept of ‘group norms’ whereby workers had their own set of regulations to abide by that were considered more socially acceptable. â€Å"Members derived valued identities or self-images, directly from their occupational roles. † (Van Maanan & J & Barley, S, 1984, pg.  298).Expressions and labels such as; ‘rate buster’ and ‘the chisler’ became nicknames that were used to define workers as either an over-worker or under-achiever. The power of an informal organisation, where man is more than just a machine but as a social being was one of Mayo’s greatest findings. This became known as the Hawthorne Effect. Conversely, a bureaucratic style of management is most appropriately suited to those organisations that are willing to sacrifice quality in return for an increase in quantity of revenue.For example, Travelodge, a competing company within the hotel industry, make it clear to their customers that the service they offer is simple but covers all the necessary essentials needed for a comfortable stay. â€Å"If you’ve ever stayed at a Travelodge Hotel, you might have noticed they don’t have shampoo in the bathroom. † (Davis, Evan, 2009) This is known as value engineering and it is a smart way for larger companies to cut production costs whilst still keeping up a respectable level of quality.Higher-end hotels tend to ignore this strategy as it can harshly diminish their unique selling point of providing the best quality goods and services. This would be particularly true for Junction Hotel. Throughout the case study it is clearly outlined that Junction Hotel are a company who pride themselves on having a traditional approach to customer service. This would specifically involve having a very high focus on self-presentation, customer relations, and particularly individual customer requirements.Rationalisati on revolves more around a very routine and strategic attitude whereby all customers are greeted with the same standardised mannerisms and production is aimed at being a quick process, which sacrifices quality for speed. This is the first indication from the case material that suggests that rationalisation might not be the most appropriate method of management for a company that markets itself as ‘an oasis of calm in the city’ as Junction Hotel does. McDonald’s is a perfect example of how quality over quantity has been sacrificed to maximize output.A quick service where customers can walk in and point to a number on the menu as they order means workers can speed up the transaction process of payment for food allowing them to switch to new customers swiftly. â€Å"The manager ensures that all employees are allocated to those jobs in which they perform most efficiently, known as ‘aces in their places†. (Hill, Terry, (2005) McDonald's Corporation). This type of McDonaldization means there is no room for flexibility making it a real problem if customers request to manipulate the menu.This slows down the  process from kitchen staff to front of house staff, if one individual burger is needed to be adapted this will take precious time out of an employee’s schedule, which will have a domino effect on the time taken to serve other customers. Ultimately, the efficiency of the entire operation will have slowed dramatically, especially if this happens on more than one occasion throughout the working day. As Weber explained, dehumanization and lack of motivation are due side effects as a result of having such strict time schedules and regulations to keep to.â€Å"Nevertheless, organisations continue to strive for maximization in the hope that they will at least increase efficiency† (Ritzer, G, 2008, The McDonaldisation of Society). Junction Hotel, on the other hand, has a slightly different demographic to that of the market t hat McDonalds are focusing on. With the emphasis on high-end, premium quality goods and services Junction Hotel are attracting an older age range of those customer who can afford to spend extra on hotel costs. This will most likely be older people enjoying their retirement along with businessmen and women who have their expenses paid for.The reason this is important to identify is because of the current economic position of the UK. Having just emerged out of a recession, consumer spending within in the UK is still continuing at slow pace. This means, that for the more expensive and luxurious organisations it has become just as hard to keep current customers as it has been attracting any new ones. This is the second indication that suggests a complete rationalisation for Junction Hotel would not have much of a positive impact considering it would only increase the similarities they have with already well established rival companies such as Travelodge.In an economy that is still recov ering from a recent recession due to a ‘run on the banks’ consumer confidence is still very low which means less people are going to be willing to experiment with new organisations, especially the more expensive ones. However, some of the most recent economic reports have identified a rise in gross domestic produce, which is a positive sign for Junction Hotel as it means more consumers are starting to get comfortable with spending a little extra money.â€Å"The Office for National Statistics said its first estimate for gross domestic product (GDP) showed the economy grew 0. 3% during the first quarter of 2013. † (Hugh Pym, 2013, UK economy avoids triple dip recession). Although the increase is not a significant one this will benefit Junction Hotel in the long run as it shows signs of a slow but steady growth which is a good climate to begin setting up a new organization in. â€Å"Economists say the news should give a small psychological boost to consumers and bu sinesses†. (Hugh Pym, 2013, UK economy avoids triple dip recession).Keeping with the premium quality approach should provide a competitive edge in the favour of Junction hotel. This type of organizational change is a strategic intervention to provide Junction Hotel with a competitive advantage over their rivals in the hotel industry by aiming their services at a different demographic who will, in the current economic climate, be more likely to afford hotel accommodation. In conclusion to this essay, Junction Hotel will need to introduce a more rational work design to their organisation in order to maximize efficiency and start making a respectable profit.It is vital however that the rational approach is put into action in the most applicable places of the organisation as otherwise it could cause a detrimental effect to production the rates, as was evident with some areas of the McDonaldization. Firstly, a bureaucratic design should be implemented through the use of organisatio nal charts that clearly layout the different tiers of management throughout the entire organisation in a hierarchal fashion.This should enable each section of the work force to have a structured view of where they stand within the organisation and know exactly who to report to. Secondly, team-building exercises must be put into place at least quarterly throughout the year to dispose of any unwanted negative energy and allow workers to voice any concerns they may have with their superiors, especially kitchen and waiting staff. A formal relationship must be of the utmost importance in front of customers between all of the employees.Although, where customer service is not of a high importance, such as in the kitchen, a more relaxed attitude should be taken if it means the social side of individual worker will promote a higher level of efficiency. Overall, it is clear that with the right leadership and a positive attitude towards organisational change from the workers, rationalisation i s strategy that could have significant positive implications for Junction hotel.